Word: insulin
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Gilbert shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering a rapid method to decode base sequenced in DNA and then applying in to produce materials like interferon and insulin. He also served' as chair of Biogen, a biotechnology firm based in both Geneva and Cambridge...
With the case fresh in mind, police and the public might have jumped too quickly to the conclusion that the hypodermic found in the Tripletts' Pepsi can was the result of tampering. Late last week investigators were looking into the possibility that someone had innocently disposed of an insulin syringe by dropping it into the empty...
Diabetics are unable to produce enough insulin, a natural hormone that enables cells to absorb sugar. In so-called Type I diabetes, which most often strikes in childhood, patients lose the ability to make any insulin. For these cases, the standard daily treatment is a blood test and one or two self- administered insulin shots. The shots keep the patient alive and well, but blood-sugar levels swing sharply, from relatively low after a dose of insulin to much higher before the next injection. These fluctuations gradually cause damage to the body's organs...
...sugar & would reduce complications, and the NIH study, which monitored 1,441 patients, was designed to test that proposition. While roughly half the subjects received the standard treatment, the others were put on an intensive program: tests of sugar levels at least four times a day, three or more insulin shots and a special diet. The results were striking: over the 10 years, the group receiving stricter treatment suffered about half as much eye and kidney damage as the other patients...
...regimen has its own risks. As the number of insulin shots increases, so does the chance that patients will accidentally push their blood sugar too low -- a condition called hypoglycemia, which can lead to seizures and death. Most diabetics recognize the early symptoms, such as light-headedness, and eat something sweet before the effects become dangerous. But because of the risk of hypoglycemia, the intensive treatment program is not recommended for children under seven and elderly people who are frail...