Word: interpretational
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...question of how art can interpret the enormous societal shifts of Sept. 11—taken up in literature by Ian McEwan’s “Saturday” and Jonathan Safran Foer’s “Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close”—is now addressed in film by Sally Potter’s “Yes” (on general release in the U.S. on June...
Falk examines two factions of the Pharisees, a group of pious Jews who believed in the resurrection of the dead, rewards and punishments for this life in the next and rabbinic authority to interpret Jewish law. These two parties, the School of Hillel and the School of Shammai, clashed shortly before Jesus' birth. Jewish tradition records that the rigid Shammaites held religious control throughout Jesus' life and during the founding decades of the Christian Church. But by A.D. 70 the more flexible Hillel school had become pre-eminent and the predecessor of today's traditional Judaism. In Falk's theory...
...time of John Paul's election, Catholicism was still trying to discern how expansively to interpret the modernizing reforms commenced at Vatican II. The Pope pledged that the council's resolutions would guide his agenda, and some Americans hoped he might promote ideas of greater lay autonomy (under the banner of individual conscience) and hierarchical openness (collegiality). He did not. As it turned out, he favored only the "most exact execution" of the council's directives, rebuffing not only traditionalists who derogated it but also those who saw it as a blueprint for church democracy. For all his support...
...alarm are sounded. Shy children, Battaglia concluded, may simply be less adept at reading the facial flickers other kids use as social cues. Unable to rely on those helpful signals, they tend to go on high alert, feeling anxious about any face they can't decipher. "The capacity to interpret faces is one of the most important prerequisites for balanced relationships," Battaglia says...
...also concerned about the proficiency of retail sonographers, who aren't supposed to provide medical diagnoses but sometimes do. Sonographers in doctors' offices take at least 18 months to get their licenses, whereas training requirements vary widely from retailer to retailer. "You want someone there who can actually interpret the ultrasound for you, so you don't go away either frightened by something you think you saw or, worse, reassured that things are fine when in fact there's something wrong," says Riley. Many an obstetrician has seen patients who have spent sleepless nights worrying after being told--incorrectly...