Word: iq
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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After four years of doing without schooling, Negro junior high students in Virginia's Prince Edward County returned to class in September 1963. In the course of the next 18 months, the average IQ of those children rose 18 points. In St. Louis, a cultural enrichment program in slum schools raised the pupils' average IQ by 11.5 points in four years...
Parents of these children were understandably proud that their kids had shown progress. Yet, they were puzzled too. Like most people, they were under the impression that an IQ is a measure of an inherent trait called intelligence, and that it never varies; that it is either a badge or a blemish to be worn indelibly for all time. As it happens, those notions are largely myths that for years have caused parents needless concern...
...Gumption Quotient." First of all, as the results in Prince Edward County and St. Louis showed, intelligence test scores do vary. But more to the point is the fact that IQ tests measure not intelligence but what the experts call the "learned responses" of an individual to a series of questions or problems. Thus, IQ serves chiefly to give teachers some idea of a youngster's ability to do academic work. Even here, many teachers make the mistake of using IQ to predict a child's future achievements...
Despite Negro charges that his cops are mostly Southerners, the great majority are native to the West Coast. They must have an IQ of at least 110. Parker's force has one Ph.D., 15 officers with masters' degrees, 15 with law degrees, 208 B.A.s, 288 with two-year college certificates, 375 with police academy diplomas; more than 2,000 policemen are taking outside courses. Though it has the highest pay rates of any police force in the U.S., the department is seriously undermanned, has only 5,018 men to cover 458.2 sq. mi.−ten cops...
...reaches his teens, a stranger to home discipline, usually a school dropout with an atrophied IQ and no skills to help him get a job, the young Negro in the deep ghetto is incessantly told by Black Nationalists and civil rights demagogues that "The Man"−white man−is responsible for his savage hopelessness. "The Man" has become a symbol of their despair, and "Get Whitey" has become their battle...