Word: iq
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...academic question, concerning the statistical heritability of IQ (which he equates to intelligence) is no longer merely academic. It is now a major factor in arguments that social class stratification is genetically determined. It has become an important issue in the rhetoric of politics and race, and Herrnstein's theory, because it comes from Harvard, and because it is backed with strings of figures (no matter how questionable their source), is particularly prominent...
...enormous effort to be fair." CBS Anchorman Walter Cronkite adopts a more stoical attitude: "This is the meaning of a free press. They're certainly entitled to print any criticism they want." One network executive takes the same elitist stance that angers Buchanan: "No one with an IQ over 70 reads anything in TV Guide except the listings." Which is a cute quip, but not quite accurate; network brass read the magazine with interest, if not affection...
...grant from the U.S. Office of Education, is based on her 1971 examination of the records of more than 2,000 children (45% black, 55% white) who had just completed the ninth grade in Pittsburgh public schools. After plotting the changes in the students' IQ scores from 1962-70 as they moved through the largely segregated schools, she noted a significant trend. The scores of blacks in schools with mostly black pupils worsened steadily between kindergarten and eighth grade; the scores of whites in predominantly white schools, in addition to being slightly higher than the black scores from...
That finding would seem to strengthen the Jensen-Shockley argument. But Sanday also found that the IQ scores of the handful of blacks attending middle-class schools improved, while the scores of whites in lower-class schools declined. For example: scores for whites in schools where most pupils were from middle-class families rose from a mean of 105.5 in kindergarten to a mean of 108.7 in sixth grade; scores for blacks in similar schools went from a mean of 95 in kindergarten to 98.2 in sixth grade. But in schools where most students were in the lowest...
Sanday therefore argues that it is not race but class that influences IQ. She points out that "IQs are simply a measure of what you need to do well in the mainstream culture of white middle-class America." Because many blacks are excluded from this mainstream by racial prejudice and class segregation, they never have a chance to acquire the information and mental attitudes and skills that lead to success on IQ tests. The same exclusion also has its impact on preschool-age children, she says. That accounts for the lower IQ scores of blacks in kindergarten. In sum, Sanday...