Word: iq
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...decade ago, Arthur Jensen discovered that fact the hard way. Jensen, then a little-known professor of educational psychology at the University of California at Berkeley, created a furor and became a target of abuse by publishing an article in the Harvard Educational Review. Its claim: based on IQ tests, whites may be naturally smarter than blacks. Now, battered but unbowed, Jensen, 56, is returning to the fray. In a book to be published in December, he concludes that the IQ tests showing blacks scoring lower than whites are fair, accurate and not-as critics suppose-skewed by culture...
Jensen's original argument was based on a disquieting set of facts: during two generations of IQ testing, blacks have consistently scored 15 points lower than whites, and no one has yet designed a reputable test on which blacks do as well as whites.* He estimated that a quarter of the IQ gap was due to environmental and cultural differences, the rest to genetics. Liberal academics and blacks denounced Jensen as a racist. Margaret Mead and others staged an unsuccessful fight to strip the professor of his status as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement...
This time Jensen is armed with a massive technical analysis that he considers the last word on racial testing. Titled Bias in Mental Testing (The Free Press), the book is not concerned with genetics or the causes of the black-white IQ gap, but only with the merits and validity of the actual tests...
...IQ tests, both verbal and nonverbal, are not expressions of "white culture" that penalize blacks. Surprisingly, blacks do better on "culture-loaded" tests than on "culture-fair" tests that are carefully constructed to root out references more familiar to middle-class whites than to blacks...
...When white and black children of equal socioeconomic status are tested, whites score an average of twelve IQ points higher than blacks...