Word: iq
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...What IQ tests do, to a large extent, is to label as "bright" or "dull" those children who do or do not meet capitalist society's "expectations": expectations conditioned by racial prejudice and class background, among other factors...
...Herrnstein's (and Jensen's) figure of .8 heritability for IQ comes almost entirely from a review of studies of identical twins reared apart. Since such twins have the same genes, any variation in IQ must be due to environment. Thus, it is imperative that the twins be raised in independent surroundings if any general conclusions are to be drawn...
Kamin has demonstrated other problems with the twin studies, including haphazard testing procedures, failure to control for age and sex, and selective rejection of unfavorable data. Finally, the technique of analysis of variance depends on the dubious assumption that environment and heredity act independently upon IQ...
...strong association among IQ, educational attainment, and social class feeds the popular myth that American society is a "meritocracy" in which the intelligent and industrious rise...
...recent article, however, Bowles and Gintis "partialed out" the effects of these three factors on economic success. While class background and education strongly predicted economic success, IQ alone contributed almost nothing to success...