Word: iranian
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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pishkash is what makes the Iranian economy spin, and the Shah wishes it didn't. (See THE WORLD...
...undertake "an anticorruption campaign with great diligence and all severity." Though the cynical snickered, Alam got free rein from the Shah, carefully began building airtight cases against suspected grafters among Iran's leading bureaucrats and government leaders. His first major target was General Mohammed Ali Khazai, the Iranian army's chief of ordnance, who had parlayed his $6,000 salary into three houses in the suburbs of Teheran, four apartment houses in France, five automobiles, $100,000 in European banks and $200,000 in cash. A military court convicted Khazai of taking a cut out of government contracts...
...Corruption is the lubricant of the Iranian economy," a diplomat in Teheran once observed. Depending on the size of the pishkash (bribe), justice was bought and sold, tax rights were purchased, government jobs auctioned off, contracts given, and conscription was waived. Sporadic efforts by Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi to clean things up usually ended dismally in a disastrous series of acquittals, and cases dropped for lack of evidence...
...nation behind him, the Shah has pushed steadily ahead with his land split-up, despite loud outcries from the big landowners. A few weeks ago, one outraged group, the nomadic Qashqai (pronounced gosh guy) tribesmen, who herd cattle in the Southern province of Ears, registered its protest by attacking Iranian police posts, killing ten officers and men. When the dissident Qashqai refused to surrender and were joined by malcontents of two other tribes, the Shah grimly ordered his air force to crush the revolt. Peeling out of the sun. his U.S.-made F-86 jets last week flashed down...
...Pahlevi, issued a decree that had the effect of giving 2,000,000 women the right to vote and run for provincial and town assemblies. The right was implied, but no less effective for it. "Except for the mentally deranged or those with criminal records," stated the decree, "every Iranian individual has the right to vote and be elected...