Word: iraq
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...search for evidence of the great moment when the first men turned from wandering hunters to settled farmers. This invention of agriculture was the take-off point for human civilization-before it, all was savagery. Apparently the big switch may have come 12,000 years ago in northern Iraq, where Braidwood found a primitive agricultural hamlet, which he calls Jarmo...
Founded in 1960, OPEC now has eight members-Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela-and controls 90% of the world's oil exports. "Oil is the only resource that God gave us," says OPEC's secretary-general, Fuad Rouhani, 56. "We are not so much underdeveloped nations as we are underpaid nations." Having rebuffed the oil industry's big eight (five of which are U.S. companies), OPEC plans a meeting in the Saudi Arabia capital of Riyadh later this month to decide what is next...
...looked like a clear victory for the moderates. Backed by gun-toting aides, Shabib and Jawad seized Saadi and three other Cabinet ministers, bundled them into a military plane without luggage and flew them to exile in Madrid-where Saadi kept hinting that he would yet return to Iraq in triumph...
...emergency meeting of the Baath high command decided upon a plague-on-both-your-houses gesture: Shabib, Jawad and five aides were hustled into another plane and sent into exile too-in Beirut. Strangely silent in the uproar was the one non-Baathist in a position of power, Iraq's President Abdul Salam Aref, who was reportedly under palace arrest...
Until party elections are held some time next year, Iraq will apparently be run by the Baath Central Committee (which includes a Jordanian, a Lebanese and a Kuwaiti as well as Iraqi and Syrian generals) and by Michel Aflak, the Secretary-General and real power in the party. It was the first time that Aflak, a withdrawn, seemingly gentle intellectual who has sanctioned the executions of hundreds of political opponents, emerged from his shadowy position behind the scenes...