Word: iraq
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...initially refreshing. The gasoline lines in New York City indeed snake to the horizon. Even the natives may purchase gas only on an odd day here, an even there. Lo, how it heartened them to know that the inconvenienced diplomat was Salah Omar al-Ali, the ambassador from Iraq, he whose land has helped make oil dear as gold...
...means Sign of God. A few months after Ruhollah's birth-for which one plausible date is May 17, 1900-his father was murdered on the road between Khomein and Arak as he set out on a pilgrimage to the Shi'a holy city of Najaf in Iraq. In later years there have been stories circulated that Mostafa's death was somehow caused by Reza Shah, father of the recently exiled Emperor. In fact, Reza was only about 22 years old at the time and did not seize the throne in a coup that ousted the Qajar...
...spring of 1964, Khomeini was exiled to Turkey, from where he soon moved to the Shi'ite holy city of Najaf, in Iraq. He remained there for nearly 15 years, lecturing in a Muslim academy and writing a treatise on his concept of the Islamic republic. His supporters in Iran and Pakistan sent him more than $100,000 a year, most of which he distributed quietly to students and the needy. He regularly sent back to colleagues in Iran taped messages that were reproduced and distributed to mosques throughout the country. One particularly fiery sermon attacked the Shah...
...Shah's government then made three mistakes, the effect of which was to give Khomeini even greater prominence First, it tried to discredit him with implausible charges, such as contending that Khomeini was an Iraqi spy. Secondly in mid-1977 it asked Iraq to expel Khomeini, and Baghdad complied. The U.S., among other countries, refused to take him in, lest such an act offend the Shah. Since he was permitted automatic entry if he had a valid passport, he decided to go to France, whose government took the precaution of asking the Shah whether he had any objections...
Syria's foreign ventures have soured. Its seemingly endless intervention in Lebanon has demoralized the army. The operation reportedly costs Damascus about $1 million a day. In addition, lengthy negotiations to unify Syria with its often inimical neighbor Iraq have yet to bear fruit. Meanwhile Syria and the other rejectionist Arabs have been unable to prevent the Camp David accords from going into effect or to come up with any viable alternative...