Word: iraq
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Assad decided to try diplomacy, the only game in town. The U.S. responded to the shift and to Syria's cooperation against Iraq with modifications of its own. Washington signaled that instead of trying to force Syria out of Lebanon, where its "peacekeeping" forces had settled in, the U.S. might be able to live with Syria as the dominant power there...
...citizens back, stronger influence than ever in the Middle East, and can persuasively claim its stand-firm policy was successful. Even while the hostages were in terrorist hands, the U.S. continued to support Israel and led the coalition against Iraq...
That consideration is not necessarily reassuring. In 1990 experts were sure that Iraq would need five to 10 more years to develop a nuclear arsenal. United Nations inspectors have since concluded that when the gulf war began last January, Saddam Hussein was as little as a year away from being able to deliver a crude nuclear bomb. U.S. and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) analysts think the war brought Saddam's program to a rude halt. But inspectors are not at all certain they have yet found all the equipment and material Iraq may have hidden away, and thus that...
IRAN. Facing stalemate or defeat in the war with Iraq, Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini in 1987 personally authorized a full-scale renewal of a nuclear-bomb program that the Shah had begun. The program has survived both the end of the Iran-Iraq war and Khomeini's death; Tehran hardly even bothers to hide its intentions anymore. On Oct. 25, Sayed Ataollah Mohajerani, an Iranian Vice President, told an Islamic conference in Tehran, "Since Israel continues to possess nuclear weapons, we, the Muslims, must cooperate to produce an atom bomb, regardless of U.N. attempts to prevent proliferation...
...allied efforts to contain proliferation have focused heavily on getting nations to open their facilities to inspection by the IAEA. But Iraq's success in reaching the brink of nuclear-weapons production with a clandestine program while allowing IAEA inspectors to visit its few declared facilities has demonstrated the futility of that. The agency has a theoretical right to poke into suspected but unadmitted nuclear installations but has never exercised it. Even if the agency did -- and there is much talk about making that easier -- and caught a country clandestinely making A-bombs, there is no provision...