Word: irelands
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...months, Britons on the lam have found complete sanctuary in Ireland−only a three-hour ferry ride away. Because of a yawning legal loophole discovered in 1964, Ireland has become a home away from home for at least three of the Great Train Robbers and more than 100 other British fugitives. Conversely, platoons of Irish crooks have been flitting safely to Britain−all because the two countries wrongly thought that no extradition treaty was needed between them...
Open Door. In the absence of a treaty, extradition is possible by "comity"−courtesy between friendly countries. Britain and Ireland have been swapping one another's fugitives ever since 1922 on the theory that Irish independence in that year did not abrogate laws that set up the exchange as far back as 1848. Each country's courts simply "backed" the other's arrest warrants as if they were domestic documents...
...House of Lords (acting as the country's highest court) discovered a fatal flaw in an Irish arrest warrant. According to an 1851 British law, the warrant required endorsement by an officer of the Royal Irish Constabulary, the British-paid police force that was replaced in 1922 by Ireland's own Garda Siochana (Peace Guard). Because the old constabulary was defunct, the House of Lords ruled that Irish warrants were no longer valid in Britain...
Weeks later, the Irish Supreme Court indignantly voided another old custom whereby the Garda Siochana backed English warrants in Ireland and "bundled" fugitives over the border to Northern Ireland, where waiting police hustled them off to trial in England. The court called this "a denial of justice" and a violation of the Irish Constitution. Since Britain and Ireland do not check the identity of travelers between them, the door opened wide for crooks to move as freely as commuters...
Capping a recent series of strikes in places as diverse as Libya and Alaska, Marathon last week announced that it had begun drilling the first exploratory oil well ever attempted in Northern Ireland, also prepared to tow a large drilling rig from the British coast into the North Sea, where it will explore one of the world's richest new oil and gas regions. In Bavaria, where it is making its first big move into petrochemicals, it is starting to build a plant that will use Libyan crude to manufacture acetylene and ethylene. In the U.S., the company...