Word: ironclads
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...diplomatic talks on the Middle East. At the same time, the U.S. and Russia are together exploring the shape of a possible settlement at high-level talks in Washington. As Israel's protector-state and, in effect, proxy in the talks, the U.S. is seeking for Israel the ironclad guarantees for peace that the young nation demands in return for handing back the captured territories. The Soviets ideally would like to recoup diplomatically all that the Arabs lost militarily. Though each side is under heavy pressure from its client states not to yield an inch, each is also aware that...
...moderate Marxists-including a number of American college students-who are trying to salvage what they can from Marxism after its corruption by Soviet totalitarianism. To Djilas, the two are inseparable. For him, Stalin was not a ruthless aberration but the inevitable consummation of Marxism: theory made practice. The ironclad Marxist system is all but useless for historical interpretation, thinks Djilas. It endures only as a revolutionary ideology promising instant transformation to those who are desperate, impoverished or ignorant of history...
...broader Soviet demands for an end to the liberalization, a clash seemed inevitable. The Kremlin has given Dubček a list of ten party progressives whom it would like to see purged. It also wants ironclad guarantees that Dubcek will restore control over so-called "antisocialist" forces, prohibiting them from making any more speeches, giving interviews, writing articles and putting together petitions that are critical of the party. At the very least, says Harvard Kremlinologist Adam Ulam, the Russians seek "some sort of declaration from the Czechoslovak leaders that they won't let the thing...
Neither is likely to achieve its full demands. The U.S. may get assurances that the South will not immediately go Communist, but they are unlikely to be the sort of ironclad guarantees that Washington would like. Hanoi may get the N.L.F. recognized as a legal party, but not as a controlling force in a coalition government. If there is to be a settlement at all, it must be one that hews fairly closely to the existing situation. As Columbia Political Scientist Zbigniew Brzezinsky put it recently: "A settlement is a ratification of reality, not a structuring of reality...
...weeks ago, U.S. Ambassador Chester Bowles assured the Royal Cambodian government that "the U.S. will do everything possible to avoid acts of aggression against Cambodia, as well as incidents and accidents which may cause losses and damage to the inhabitants of Cambodia." Sihanouk chose to interpret that as an ironclad promise that U.S. forces in Viet Nam would not cross the Cambodian border under any circumstances-which it was not. Thus he was enraged when, in the midst of a firefight with a Viet Cong unit, U.S. and Vietnamese soldiers inadvertently crossed the border, killing, he claimed, three Cambodians...