Word: islam
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...state will make "the teachings of Islam known to people...
...largest island in Indonesia, straddles the equator and points northwest into the rolling blue wastes of the Bay of Bengal. On the island's tip, in the province of Atjeh, live about 1,000,000 Achinese, a proud and irritable people, unshakably Moslem, the first Indonesians to embrace Islam in the 11th century and the last to be pacified by the Dutch (1904). Some centuries ago the Achinese were intrepid pirates, raiding Western shipping, and attacking fortified towns in quest of slaves, concubines and booty. In modern times they have been peaceful farmers, fishermen and plantation workers. But they...
...Council of Ministers, chief of the only party, and speaker of the Assembly. He began ridding the Turks of the things that reminded them of the degenerate past. First he ordered the Sultan expelled; 16 months later the Caliph (or Moslem spiritual leader) was exiled. Kemal announced that "Islam is a dead thing," and Turkey became a nondenominational state...
...good Moslem-and nearly all of the 350 million people of Islam are accounted good Moslems-is not an easy one. Five times a day, the true believer must turn toward Mecca and pray; and before each prayer session, he must wash his face, arms, feet, ears and nose three times. At least once in his life, if he can, he must make the hajj, the sacred pilgrimage to Mecca. In the holy city during the hajj, rich & poor alike mingle in dense throngs under the cruel...
...Indonesians like to call themselves "The Children of the East." Their cultural values were formed during a thousand years of Brahminist-Buddhist teaching, culminating in the great, 14th century Hindu-Javanese civilization of Madjapahit. Then came the swift, peaceful penetration of Islam. Securing a firm but gentle grip on the islands (Indonesia is now the world's largest Moslem nation), Islam took on a subtle duality. Moslem mosques assumed Hindu temple forms; followers were called to prayer on Oriental gongs. While putting on the cloak of Islam, the Indonesians remained essentially Eastern; nor has their character changed under...