Word: islet
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...Barbe is one of those wacky microstates, where eccentric residents - fired-up by some long-simmering grievance with the central government - declare independence and start printing their own stamps and passports. In the case of L'Ile Barbe, the "break" from France happened in 1977, 14 years after the islet was declared, in a move hugely unpopular with locals, a district of Lyon. Ansanay-Alex's father was one of four secessionists who declared L'Ile Barbe independent and Jean-Christophe is today its Honorary Governor...
...landscape. The two countries both claim the cities Ceuta and Melilla that lie in Northern Africa—a gripe that has caused tensions for three centuries. In fact, a year and a half before the announcement, Spanish marines and Moroccan soldiers were caught in a wrangle in the islet of Perejil, which each country claims...
...there is still much to learn about how to coax them into turning into the desired kind of tissue. Parkinson's patients suffering from tremors caused by damaged nerves could benefit from replacement neurons, while diabetics who can't produce insulin could control their blood sugar with new pancreatic islet cells. But so far, no human ESCs have been differentiated reliably enough that they could be safely transplanted into people, although animal studies with human cells are under way. Not surprisingly, the groups closest to human trials are in the biotech industry, which operates without government funds. Geron claims...
Groups of stem cells are nurtured under specialized conditions, with different recipes of nutrients and growth factors that direct the cells to become any of the body's more than 200 various tissues Pancreatic islet cells Could provide a cure for diabetes...
...focus his experiments on that disease first. He will take the donated eggs, remove their nuclei and replace them with skin cells taken from diabetic patients at Columbia University. The resulting embryo will generate stem cells that Melton's group will extract and hopefully coax into becoming pancreatic islet cells. These could then be injected into the patient to generate the insulin that they lack. If Melton can perfect the technique, it will ultimately allow patients to create their own, customized treatments from their own stem cells...