Word: italianized
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...three decades the great Fiat works at Turin, Italy's biggest single industrial establishment (automobiles, aircraft engines, refrigerators) has been a fortress of Communism in Italian labor. The first revolutionary factory councils at Fiat grew into the CGIL, the giant Communist-run labor federation. Neither Mussolini nor the Nazis were able to stamp out all the Red cells at the Fiat works. At World War II's end the Communist leaders in Turin emerged as resistance heroes, began throwing their weight around like a trampling herd of elephants. Year after year they elected an overwhelming majority...
...dramatic defeat was not due primarily to pressure by management or government. Workers had become increasingly disgusted by having their votes and allegiances cynically used to further Russian aims. That change of heart was accelerated by a U.S. policy of withdrawing offshore contracts from the Red-dominated Italian firms which fail to reduce their Communist majorities (TIME, Nov. 6). The U.S. policy, which critics said would rebound in the Communists' favor, was now vindicated...
...French Physicist André Marie Ampére (1775-1836) worked out many of the laws of electromagnetism; Italian Physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) is famous chiefly for inventing the "Voltaic pile," a primitive electric battery; Scottish Engineer James Watt (1736-1819) had little to do with electricity, but he designed the effective steam engine that would generate electricity when generators were invented...
...Boom. The Maryknoll success story typifies but does not tell the whole story of monastic life in mid-20th century. From the time (circa 530) that a young Italian nobleman, Benedict of Nursia, smashed the statue of Apollo on Monte Cassino and founded his famed abbey, the monastery has been the heart of Christendom. Even after the Middle Ages monasteries continued to dominate religious life, provided much of the fire of reform within the Catholic Church. But with the 18th century the monastery was relegated to a dark corner. More devastating than the French Revolution's "freeing" of nuns...
RAVENNA is the world's chief repository of early Byzantine art, surpassing even Istanbul, the capital of Byzantium. The ancient churches and chapels of the sleepy Italian town (pop. 35,000) are lit by windowpanes of translucent alabaster and by the glitter and blaze of great mosaics such as the triumphant Christ opposite. Ravenna's mosaics, made of innumerable bits of glass, gold and marble chips stuck in plaster, have neither the drama of Gothic church art nor the human warmth of the Renaissance masters. Yet they are equally great, and gayer than either. Their gaiety expresses...