Word: itemizes
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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There are so many factors of so many different kinds entering into the cost of production as to complicate greatly the problem of keeping down expenses. The cost of raw materials, the cost of transportation, the labor cost, interest and other overhead expenses are only a few of the items; besides, there are many factors entering into the cost of each of these items. If any of these items could be cheapened, certain industries could run even if the other items were not cheapened. For example, if freight rates could be reduced, certain industries could pay expenses out of receipts...
Meanwhile, the present situation is in part a deadlock among the various interests involved. It is apparent that some of the many items of expense must be cut down before all our industries can start up. They who contribute each item want some other item cut down instead of their own. Each group is holding off and maneuvering in order to shift the burden onto some one else. This is accompanied by much recrimination and laying of the blame on some one else. This is done by those on the inside who know exactly what they are about. While this...
...reports that we had last year there was only one wholesale grocer who indicated that he was departmentizing his expenses in the manner that is necessary for obtaining the costs of operating each department. To departmentize expenses on this basis, it is necessary to prorate each item of expense to each department. Suppose, for example, that one of the departments is flour. The flour department would have to be charged with its pro rata share of the sales force expense, advertising expense, receiving and handling expense, rent, and so on for each of the other expenses. The basis for prorating...
Another interesting item is a full set of the "Gazette des Ardennes", the German propagandist paper published in the French language in the occupied regions of France. Various editions of this paper contain innumerable photographs showing German officers doing deeds of kindness to the civilian populations of Belgium and France caricatures representing British injustice to France, group pictures of Allied prisoners taken in Germany and other material designed to have an appropriate effect on French readers...
...century ago the cost of books was an important item in the estimation of college expenses. Later, as the development of improved presses made possible the cheap and extensive production of good books, every student with a moderate supply of ready money assembled a small library of his own during his college course. The modern student, however, is no longer able to indulge his natural inclination toward book-collecting; even for the most essential textbooks he often relies upon friend or college library. Under the ever-increasing demand of workmen for more wages, prices have steadily risen until a volume...