Word: ites
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...transformation of Iranian life and bestow overwhelming power on the country's religious leaders. Though it has passed only 23 of 151 proposed articles so far, the Assembly approved the most pivotal provision: Article 5, which would lay the legal ground for the establishment of a Shi'ite Muslim theocracy Specifically, the article upholds the principle Velayat-e-faqih, the theologians' right to rule, and gives supreme political as well as spiritual authority to a "virtuous, brave, judicious and administratively skilled theologian who is abreast of the times and is accepted and recognized as leader...
...true: the domestic enemies of right-wing friends may not be Communists or even Communist-backed. They may be motivated by grievances and aspirations that Karl Marx never dreamed of-and certainly would not have approved of-although they may be fiercely anti-American. They may be Shi'ite mullahs in Iran or Catholic nuns in the Philippines...
...Mulla Mustafa Barzani once called the Kurds "the orphans of the universe," because they have never had a national homeland of their own. A handsome, high-spirited people, with dark, flashing eyes and chiseled features, they belong to the Sunni sect of Islam whereas most Iranians are Shi'ite Muslims. The trials of farming craggy mountainsides, where the summer temperatures soar above 100° and winter blizzards last for weeks at a time, have made the Kurds tough and independent...
...because he does not seem to know or care very much about his antecedents. His family is believed to have come from Khorasan, which lies in the windswept northeastern part of the country and is the home of Iranian Sufiism, a mystical and somewhat unorthodox strain of Shi'ite Islam. His grandfather, Seyyed Ahmad Moussavi, who may have been a Sufi, is known to have lived for a time in India. Eventually, Moussavi returned to Iran and settled in Khomein, a village 180 miles south of Tehran...
...spring of 1964, Khomeini was exiled to Turkey, from where he soon moved to the Shi'ite holy city of Najaf, in Iraq. He remained there for nearly 15 years, lecturing in a Muslim academy and writing a treatise on his concept of the Islamic republic. His supporters in Iran and Pakistan sent him more than $100,000 a year, most of which he distributed quietly to students and the needy. He regularly sent back to colleagues in Iran taped messages that were reproduced and distributed to mosques throughout the country. One particularly fiery sermon attacked the Shah...