Word: ites
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...resurgence of Islamic fundamentalism, which has profoundly affected other countries in the Middle East, also swept through Iran, where the Shi'ite mullahs have traditionally served as the conscience of the people. The mullahs were scandalized by growing corruption that clearly involved the royal family, by the jet-setting Western ways of Iran's new rich, by the Shah's apparent contempt for the faith to which most of his people belonged. Beyond that, the mullahs were infuriated early last year when the then Premier, Jamshid Amuzegar, canceled the $80 million annual subsidy that they had formerly...
Political demonstrations began in January 1978 and have continued ever since. They were supported by the political left, including the banned Tudeh Communist Party, but led by the Shi'ite Muslims, and the exiled Ayatullah Khomeini became the embodiment of that protest. Nonetheless, as Professor Bill notes, it was "the educated, professional middle class...
...believe it is now time to end the chaos, the violence and murder, the loss of life of our countrymen. With your support, I sincerely hope to lead Iran to a genuine social democracy." One subject of that appeal was Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini, the exiled Shi'ite mullah who has become the spearhead of the anti-Shah revolution. At week's end. speaking from his headquarters in a suburb of Paris, Khomeini jeopardized Bakhtiar's chances by declaring that "obedience to this administration is obedience to Satan." Khomeini is adamantly against the new government because it still...
Some of the worst fighting of the war occurred over the New Year's weekend in the city of Mashhad, with its blue mosque and shrine to the 8th century Shi'ite Imam Reza, the holiest sites in Iran. "Three days after the rioting," reported TIME Correspondent Roland Flamini, "gutted buildings smoldered in Mashhad, and burned-out trucks and cars littered the semideserted streets. Though the city seemed calm, the army, which had withdrawn to barracks, did not appear in control. A bus full of foreign journalists who had been flown from Tehran was escorted by five truckloads...
...government was being brutally tested in ways similar to the more drastic turmoil in neighboring Iran. But there were also differences. The key one was that the violence that threatened Ecevit's government was based on religious rivalry. One of the factions is Turkey's Shi'ite Muslim minority (known locally as Alevis), which comprises 25% of the country's 41 million people. The Alevis are regarded as left-leaning and generally support Ecevit's Republican People's Party. The other is the country's Sunni Muslim majority (72%), who consider...