Word: itness
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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> At the University of Akron, a dozen black students occupied the administration building while the president and 19 staff members locked themselves in their offices. Responding to rumors that the blacks were armed and shots had been fired, Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes rushed 90 state troopers to the campus...
The real question is whether the Court is inclined to interpret the First Amendment in terms of absolutism or pragmatism. In recent years, the nation's social needs have modified the separation of church and state. Churches receive many kinds of government aid for their hospitals, poverty work and...
In 1947, the Supreme Court allowed states to finance bussing for parochial-school students; in 1968, it approved free textbooks for secular courses. More direct state aid seemed impermissible. Then came the Pennsylvania Education Act of 1968, the first of its kind in the U.S. That remarkable law allows the...
Long-Run Loss? The law has just been upheld by a 2-to-1 vote of a panel of three federal judges. Its chief purpose, said the majority, is to "promote the welfare of the people." While it may indirectly benefit sectarian teaching, the state remains neutral toward religion-just...
Not so, argued the lone dissenter, Judge William H. Hastie, a leading Negro jurist and former governor of the Virgin Islands. As he sees it, the law's real aim is not to promote the general welfare but to save parochial schools. Wrote Hastie: "When the state reimburses a...