Word: ivar
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Since crime is often emotionally satisfying, a major problem is how to banish its thrills. One way is suggested by the work of Psychologist Ivar Lovaas with certain disturbed children who consistently try to mutilate themselves. He noticed that when the children went on a rampage, nurses warmly cuddled them and thus unconsciously rewarded their destructiveness. Instead Lovaas now jolts the kids with an electric cattle prod, often stopping the behavior pattern in hours or minutes. In his book Crime and Personality, Psychologist H.J. Eysenck offers a fascinating discussion of how certain depressant or stimulant drugs can be used...
...early experiment, Psychologist Ivar Lovaas of U.C.L.A. tried out reinforcement on a small group of vegetable-like psychotic children who were capable of no other utterances than guttural noises in their throats. Lovaas waited until they were hungry, then gave them a taste of sugar-coated cornflakes. Next, he held up a few flakes before the children and waited for them to make a sound. When they did, he immediately gave each of them another flake and said "Good!" After a few more attempts, he pressed their lips together, demonstrated the sound of "mmmm" and rewarded the children with praise...
...suicide is the most elusive question of all. Money problems? Poverty as such does not drive people to suicide; it is the wealthy whose fortunes collapse, like Swedish Match King Ivar Kreuger, rather than those with nothing to lose, who are more inclined to it. Poor health? Physical suffering rarely triggers self-destruction; the incidence among cancer patients is remarkably low. Love? Few really kill themselves for unrequited passion...
...merchant banker's prime asset is his experience in sizing up situations, measuring men and calculating risks down to one sixty-fourth of 1 %. But very often, as Wechsberg notes, he relies on instinct. One day in 1932, Swedish Match King Ivar Kreuger tried to interest the Lehman Brothers in a complicated financial deal. Kreuger talked and talked about his grandiose schemes, while Philip Lehman made a few notes. Then Lehman turned him down: "I have a rule, Mr. Kreuger. If I cannot understand something by reading my notes on the subject...
...Higginson overextended itself. Between 1928 and 1932, it underwrote many millions of dollars worth of Swedish Swindler Ivar Kreuger's efforts to corner the international matchmaking market. After Kreuger's depredations were disclosed, Lee Higginson, among others, was stuck with...