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What Sirois and his postgraduate assistant Iain Jackson are challenging is the interpretation of a variety of classic experiments begun in the mid-1980s in which babies were shown physical events that appeared to violate such basic concepts as gravity, solidity and contiguity. In one such experiment, by University of Illinois psychologist Renée Baillargeon, a hinged wooden panel appeared to pass right through a box. Baillargeon and M.I.T.'s Elizabeth Spelke found that babies as young as 31/2 months would reliably look longer at the impossible event than at the normal one. Their conclusion: babies have enough built...
Sirois does not take issue with the way these experiments were conducted. "The methods are correct and replicable," he says. "It's the interpretation that's the problem." In a critical review to be published in the forthcoming issue of the European Journal of Developmental Psychology, he and Jackson pour cold water over recent experiments that claim to have observed innate or precocious social cognition skills in infants. His own experiments indicate that a baby's fascination with physically impossible events merely reflects a response to stimuli that are novel. Data from the eye tracker and the measurement...
...write and ratify the Constitution. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal diplomatic triumphs: Monroe bought the Louisiana Territory from Napoléon Bonaparte, doubling the country's size, and Adams, as Monroe's Secretary of State, conceived the Monroe Doctrine, which waved Europe off the western hemisphere. Andrew Jackson, the frontier warrior, beat the Creek Indians in the old Southwest and the British in New Orleans...
...development of language, empathy and human society; while Alice Park learns how brain science is contributing to marketing and advertising campaigns. In Manchester, Michael Brunton visits the Babylab, a research facility in England whose sole mission is to understand how babies' brains develop. TIME's talented graphics director, Jackson Dykman, managed to squeeze more than 7,000 years of fascination with the brain into a lively history lesson. Still haven't had enough? Jeremy Caplan invites you to play a few mind games to figure out why your brain can sometimes play tricks on you. All of this was pulled...
...Hillary Clinton. "Obama would need 43% in some states of the white vote to win, and that's humanly impossible," Ford says. "We in the South don't believe America is ready to elect a black President." That's not a view all civil rights activists have; Jesse Jackson, for example, all but endorsed Obama in a speech yesterday. For the moment at least, Obama enters the primary contest in a position any contender would envy - even Hillary Clinton...