Word: jailings
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Reconciliation Commission investigating apartheid-era crimes. Even though the 82-year-old patriarch remains unapologetic about apartheid, authorities are likely to cut Botha a deal involving some form of private testimony, says TIME Johannesburg bureau chief Peter Hawthorne: "He's too old and infirm to be put in jail...
...Salvador Allende was elected President, not by the people but by the Senate. Allende was a Marxist-Leninist, but presumably he believed that democracy was the preferred means for political and social change. Still, under Allende, there were severe violations of human rights, and political dissidents were put in jail simply for speaking the truth. Very few have the moral right to judge the Chilean transition process, and some observers are making inferences that have no basis in fact. For the majority, Pinochet is the past, and people don't really care whether he is the commander in chief...
Even after the Supreme Court struck down segregation in 1954, what the world now calls human-rights offenses were both law and custom in much of America. Before King and his movement, a tired and thoroughly respectable Negro seamstress like Rosa Parks could be thrown into jail and fined simply because she refused to give up her seat on an Alabama bus so a white man could sit down. A six-year-old black girl like Ruby Bridges could be hectored and spit on by a white New Orleans mob simply because she wanted to go to the same school...
Since then, Abdul Koddus has been on the knife-edge of Egyptian politics. Writing in Al Shaab, Cairo's main opposition newspaper, he campaigns for democratic elections and release of political prisoners, not knowing whether government tolerance will give way to another jail term...
...punish the parents? According to the National Conference of State Legislatures in Denver, 42 states have enacted laws making parents responsible in one form or another for their children's crimes. Of those states, 17 make parents criminally liable, sometimes with the threat of hefty fines and jail time. California's 1988 antigang law is one of the toughest. The state's Parental Responsibility Act makes parents liable for inadequate supervision, with penalties of up to a year in jail and $2,500 fines. Arkansas adopted a parental-responsibility law in 1995, under which courts can order parents or guardians...