Word: jainism
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...ahimsa) became one of the five moral virtues. Gautama Buddha (500 B.C.) preached the impracticality of selfishness and hatred, saying that "hatreds are not quenched by hatred. Hatreds are quenched by love." Side by side with Buddhism in the 6th century B.C. came the similar, if sterner, ethics of Jainism, which held that because "all beings hate pains," the "quintessence of wisdom is not to kill anything...
Hard-Boiled Self-Sacrifice. Gandhi, who grew up in Jain-strong western India, was particularly influenced by Jainism. But in perfecting the strategy that peacefully defeated Britain in India, Gandhi drew heavily on the New Testament, which awakened him to "the Tightness and value of passive resistance." Gandhi's conviction was further bolstered by Tolstoy's The Kingdom of God Is Within You and Thoreau's famed essay Civil Disobedience, both written by men who made celebrated attempts to carry out nonviolence. What emerged in Gandhi was a hard-boiled idea that sacrificing oneself is ultimately more...