Word: jamiat
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Ahmad Shah Massoud, 35, a onetime engineering student at the Soviet Polytechnic Institute in Kabul, has spent the past nine years molding the mujahedin in Afghanistan's northeast into what is widely considered the country's most effective guerrilla formation. Last May Massoud's men, who owe allegiance to Jamiat-i-Islami, one of the seven mujahedin parties based across the border in Pakistan, watched in triumph as the last Soviet and Afghan government troops retreated from the Panjshir...
...their Soviet allies willing to see them beaten in a major engagement, as they nearly were at Kunduz. The city of about 40,000, straddling a main road to the Soviet border 37 miles away, fell to units of Jamiat-i-Islami and Gulbuddin's Hezb-e-Islami six days after the 10,000-man Soviet garrison pulled out. The guerrillas overran the government defenders and freed the prisoners at the local jail, but failed to capture the heavily defended airport. Within two days government reinforcements closed in, and Soviet aircraft went to work. After three days of fighting...
...guerrillas learned that lesson the hard way at Kandahar last week when insurgents of Jamiat-i-Islami broke off attacks on strategic high ground around Baba Wali, a heavily fortified point overlooking the city, after coming under air and artillery barrages from entrenched government forces. An assault by fighters of Yunis Khalis' Hezb-e-Islami last month on outposts screening Jalalabad was similarly thrown back at the cost of as many as 50 mujahedin lives. Such large-scale attacks under heavy fire are something new for the guerrilla forces. Says Abdul Qadir, a senior rebel commander with Khalis: "The mujahedin...
...only stale millet bread and sairai leaves, which resemble holly in texture as well as appearance. "Because of Kunar's terrain I don't think we can be eliminated with guns," concludes Wahid, a 24-year-old former Kabul University chemistry student who serves as liaison between Jamiat units in Kunar and the headquarters in Peshawar. "But conditions are already so inhuman that I fear that many will starve...
...that even on those rare occasions when they got a clear shot at a Soviet soldier, he often survived. They did not need a mullah to tell them that the Soviets had started wearing bulletproof vests. Soon after a force of paratroopers arrived at Asmar in early March, 40 Jamiat snipers in the hills around the small town claimed 300 kills. Snarls Guleb Seyed, Jamiat commander of Baragay village: "I tell my men, aim for the head...