Word: japanized
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Years of proof must pass by," said President Franklin Roosevelt in August 1944, "before we can trust Japan and before we can classify her as a member of the society of nations which seeks permanent peace." Last week, with the sponsorship and all-out backing of U.S. Chief Delegate Henry Cabot Lodge, Japan became the first former Axis nation elected to the U.N. Security Council...
Asahi devoted 10,000 words to the plight of Japan's 3,000,000 eta (literally: "very dirty") untouchables. The eta class, also known as hinin (not human), includes most of the Japanese nation's leatherworkers, shoemakers, butchers and slaughterhouse workers. Though the etas were formally abolished as a caste in 1871 under the Meiji Restoration and the word itself was removed from dictionaries, the prejudices that surrounded them survived almost unabated from the days when they were forbidden to pray at village shrines, go outdoors between sundown and sunrise, or marry outside their class...
...Japan's untouchables live in 6,000 more or less rigidly segregated communities. Commercial firms generally refuse to hire them, and when an eta seeks to "pass over" by hiding his origins, discovery can mean divorce, suicide, and occasionally even murder. In Saitama prefecture one day recently, an eta suicide left a note saying: "Even in death I cannot forget I am an eta. I hope I will be reborn in a better place.'' In Tokyo last year, an appeal for nondiscrimination brought offers from a number of small business firms to hire etas...
...Japanese Diet. He says angrily: "There are many eta people who have risen to top ranks in their professions, including screen stars and flower-arranging masters, but they dare not be frank about their origin because their popularity would immediately drop. But before we blame them, we must blame Japan's society, which permits such discrimination...
...Suez crisis, the fund gave the United Kingdom a dollar loan of $561.5 million and stand-by credit of $739 million, its biggest single deal to date. The fund gave temporary first aid to the slumping reserves of countries "with rather ambitious development programs" (Argentina, Denmark, France, India, Japan, The Netherlands). It eased seasonal trade deficits in countries with only one major export crop (Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador). It backed programs in Latin America (Chile, Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru) to simplify systems of multiple exchange rates that threaten trade stability by favoring some foreign customers at the expense...