Word: japanized
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Life is grim on Amami Oshima, an island in the typhoon-swept East China Sea, 200 miles southwest of Japan. The islanders are beset by leprosy, poverty, poisonous snakes, and fire. Again and again, storm-spread fires have all but wiped out the wooden shanties of Nase, the island's largest town (pop. 43,000). This month such a fire razed one of Nase's poorest sections-and blazed up into an ideological battle between a Communist and a Christian...
...historic development. The first Japanese gardens were polychromic, glowing with the blossoms of plum and cherry trees, calm with the gentleness of willows, luxurious with the gaiety of bright flowers. But a warrior class crushed the rule of the aristocracy at the end of the 12th century, and Japan's classic era faded into its middle ages. The warriors wanted no part of luxury, opened their gates to the disciplines of a religious philosophy imported from China: Zen Buddhism. Austere Zen masters became the new architects; the garden lost the color of blossoming trees and flowers, gained instead...
After years of devastating civil wars, the religion-cloaked warrior class crumbled in the 16th century. Japan's Renaissance was born, and with it the advent of one of Japan's most serene traditions: the tea ceremony-a symbol of respect, reverence and peace. As the tearoom won primary status in the home, the tea garden grew in importance. The new architects were the tea masters and the garden was carefully planned to symbolize each moment of the ceremony. Stepping stones, paved paths, sculptured water basins, the tranquil arrangements of trees and shrubs were tuned into a poem...
...Japanese house and garden at Manhattan's Museum of Modern Art still holds the record as the museum's most heavily attended architectural show. Last week the same display was being reconstructed in Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. Books on Japanese gardens (most recent: Gardens of Japan by the late Tetsuro Yoshida, famed Japanese architect) have become a must for the modern architect's library. After 14 centuries the art form started by that legendary nobleman is gaining new and important ground in the West...
...TRADE EMBARGOES will be eased again. Western Europe and Japan want restrictions loosened on metalworking machinery and equipment for chemical, oil, power and electronic industries. U.S. is expected to bow to pressure...