Word: jaruzelski
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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CLEARED. WOJCIECH JARUZELSKI, 73, general who led Poland's communist military regime from 1981 to '89; by parliament, which voted not to charge him for imposing martial law in 1981; in Warsaw...
Walesa behaved rudely toward his opponent, refusing to shake his hand during television debates and referring repeatedly to his service as Minister of Youth Affairs under the communist regime of General Wojciech Jaruzelski. "He is a man identified with a gang of thugs," Walesa growled. In a society that values courtly manners, the old electrician's style grated. "He did not realize that democratic power means persuading people," says Geremek...
...assistance to Solidarity, there were more than 400 underground periodicals appearing in Poland, some with a circulation that exceeded 30,000. Books and pamphlets challenging the authority of the communist government were printed by the thousands. Comic books for children recast Polish fables and legends, with Jaruzelski pictured as the villain, communism as the red dragon and Walesa as the heroic knight. In church basements and homes, millions of viewers watched documentary videos produced and screened on the equipment smuggled into the country...
...campaign by Washington and the Vatican to keep Solidarity alive began immediately after General Wojciech Jaruzelski declared martial law on Dec. 13, 1981. In those dark hours, Poland's communications with the noncommunist world were cut; 6,000 leaders of Solidarity were detained; hundreds were charged with treason, subversion and counterrevolution; nine were killed; and the union was banned. But thousands of others went into hiding, many seeking protection in churches, rectories and with priests. Authorities took Walesa into custody and interned him in a remote hunting lodge...
...above" came in first with 28%, followed by "no answer" with 18%. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Poland's first noncommunist Prime Minister, was the leading human at 14%; Lech Walesa, the current President and long considered the dominant figure in Polish politics, drew only 8%, coming in sixth behind Wojciech Jaruzelski, the last communist leader. Many fear that a succession of weak, short-lived governments pursuing inconsistent economic policies could open the way for a populist demagogue and even an authoritarian revival...