Word: jaruzelski
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Poland, where major antigovernment strikes broke out in 1956, 1968, 1970, 1976 and 1980-81, mounted the first full test of Moscow's new policy. At the beginning of 1989, Polish party leader Wojciech Jaruzelski told his Central Committee that "fundamental changes" were needed to rescue the economy from work stoppages, inflation, debt, shortages and the burden of a near worthless currency. Having suppressed Solidarity for seven years and jailed or driven underground many of its leaders, the party needed the union's help. During several weeks of so-called round-table discussions with the government, Walesa and other union...
...Communists will also retain considerable influence through President Wojciech Jaruzelski, a Communist. The new government also has promised allegiance to the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact military alliance...
Back in 1981, Moscow bristled in near fury at Solidarity. A * "counterrevolution," snapped then Defense Minister Dmitri Ustinov. "A Trojan horse of imperialism!" cried the official media. As the trade union's protests roiled Poland, Soviet troops massed threateningly along the countries' common border. Finally, when General Wojciech Jaruzelski crushed Solidarity with martial law, TASS said approvingly, "The authorities are taking necessary measures to restore tranquillity...
Soviet fears may also have been assuaged in July, when senior Solidarity leaders invalidated their votes and allowed Jaruzelski to be installed in the presidency, thus proving that the trade union was sensitive to geopolitical realities. The Kremlin may have changed its thinking since 1981, but Solidarity has changed as well...
Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, started a titanic struggle that ultimately killed about 50 million people and changed the world forever. Here is the story of how it all began, plus vivid reminiscences by such varied survivors as Poland's General Jaruzelski and West Germany's President Von Weizsacker and a profile of that architect of evil: Adolf Hitler...