Word: jeffersonism
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...better price, the pasha declared war on the U.S. by cutting down the flagpole in front of the American consulate. This turned out to be a mistake, since America now had a navy (built at the end of Adams' term during a period of tension with France). President Jefferson sent a squadron to the Mediterranean, where it met with failures and successes. In 1803 the frigate Philadelphia ran aground in Tripoli harbor; America had to burn the stricken ship. On the plus side, in 1805 William Eaton, a feisty diplomat, led a force of Marines, mercenaries and Arab allies...
...Thomas Jefferson and John Adams first encountered the Barbary States in the late 1780s, when they were American diplomats in Europe. They did not enjoy the experience. In 1786 they reported on a conversation with Tripoli's ambassador to Britain. He informed them that peace could be bought for 30,000 guineas (with a £3,000 tip for himself) and advised that Tunis would settle at the same rate, although he could not answer for Morocco or Algiers. This was far more than Jefferson and Adams had been authorized to spend. Jefferson had feared as much. "We ought...
...clear that any tenuous association is enough these days. Earlier this month, Minnesota Congressman Keith Ellison, the first Muslim elected to Congress, was sworn in as a member of the 110th on a copy of the Qur’an that belonged to none other than Thomas Jefferson (Why do you think the $2 bill was phased out?). Virginia Congressman Virgil Goode criticized Ellison’s oath as a threat to traditional American values and warned that more Muslims could (God forbid!) be elected unless America tightens its immigration laws...
...first honors in a single state." But only "characters pre-eminent for ability and virtue" could impress the nation as a whole. The first seven Presidents, who filled the job for almost a half-century, confirmed Hamilton's prediction. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were heroes of the American Revolution. James Madison was the prime mover in the push to write and ratify the Constitution. James Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal diplomatic triumphs: Monroe bought the Louisiana Territory from Napoléon Bonaparte, doubling the country's size, and Adams, as Monroe's Secretary of State, conceived...
...eventually wore down isolationist sentiment and took the country into World War II. And while there have been only five formally declared wars, the U.S. has deployed its armed forces abroad more than 200 times, usually with some kind of congressional assent or at least acquiescence--from Thomas Jefferson's naval expedition against the Barbary pirates of North Africa to numerous interventions in Central America and the Caribbean, as well as Vietnam, Afghanistan and Iraq...