Word: jenner
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Leading the investigations were the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, headed until November by Senator Pat McCarran (D-Nev.) and by Sen. William E. Jenner (R-Ind.) afterwards; and the House Un-American Activities Committee, headed by Rep. Harold Velde (R-Ill.). Both group had full subpoena power, both had sent large research staffs in the field for months before they called witnesses. Both confronted witness with large stores of information on Communist and front activity during the last fifteen years. In almost every state in the union, state legislative committees had started or were preparing similar investigations...
...caused men to tacitly implicate a university in their refusal to answer questions. The rationale of those who used the Fifth Amendment was best stated in a letter to the CRIMSON from New York lawyer Leonard B. Boudin on March 19. "...In refusing to cooperate with the Velde and Jenner committees, the witnesses are asserting their constitutional right to freedom of speech, belief, conscience and assembly. The Supreme Court has not consented to hear such First Amendment claims in recent cases involving congressional investigations. That is not a reason for failing to assert rights which the individual citizen believes that...
There was yet another view, however, which enabled a witness to hold his moral convictions about incriminating others without using the Fifth Amendment. First used before the Jenner Committee by Irving Goldman, who teaches anthropology at Sarah Lawrence College, it can best be called "calculated contempt." To Goldman and his counsel, Arthur Garfield Hays, the best way to reconcile one's conscience without harming his college was speaking openly about personal activities, refusing to testify about others...
Goldman admitted he was a member of the Communist Party, which he left in 1942. He would not answer any questions about his associates, not on grounds of the Fifth Amendment, but purely on moral grounds. The trustees of Sarah Lawrence backed Goldman, while the Jenner Committee failed to even cite him for contempt...
...board, in its statement, said that Goldman had based his action on a personal standard of fair dealing, not on any intentional of defying the committee. The board also urged another instructor, Paul Aron, to speak freely about himself before Jenner's group, but Aron Stood on the Fifth Amendment. On April 8 he resigned, before the board had decided on any action. "The resignation is not in any way the result of a request or of pressure by the President or Board of Trustees of the College," he wrote in his letter to President Harold Taylor...