Word: jenner
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Olympics were seen as the best vehicle to bolster the then-third place network's sagging Nielsen ratings, in the same way that gold medals made superstars out of Bruce Jenner, Dorothy Hamill and Mary Lou Retton. Instead, the network had to cash in on insurance coverage to cover its loss...
...often heard the description "world's greatest athlete" -- in fact, he has been called the greatest of all time -- but has never seriously proclaimed the title. "It's merely a tag," he says. He does feel akin to Thorpe though. "We're all his descendants -- Mathias, Rafer Johnson, Jenner, me. We've all shared something. It's passed down from one to the next. It's never anyone's property. It's only mine for the moment...
...much safer approach to immunology was made in 1796, when Edward Jenner decided it was more than coincidence that milkmaids stricken with a mild form of the cattle disease called cowpox were rarely victims of smallpox. He inoculated James Phipps, 8, with cowpox, then exposed him to smallpox six weeks later. The boy never came down with the disease, confirming that the immunization had worked. More than a century and a half passed before scientists knew the reason: the antigens on the cowpox virus are so similar to those on the smallpox virus that they can prime the immune system...
This is the attitude of Bill Toomey, the Olympic decathlon champion of 1968, a former World's Greatest Athlete in that long American line from Jim Thorpe to Bruce Jenner, through Bob Mathias and Rafer Johnson. But "now the decathlon is virtually made in Europe," he says. "I keep hoping there is somebody out there who could at least compete with Daley Thompson." Toomey is not inconsolable though. He knows that track, in particular, has been a missionary sport, and that many foreign stars have American universities in their backgrounds...
Although the agents of all these infections remained a mystery, the first safe vaccine against a viral disease was developed in the 18th century by Edward Jenner, a doctor in rural England. Jenner noticed that farmhands who contracted cowpox, a mild disease related to smallpox, did not develop the more deadly disease. In 1798 he inoculated a boy with material from a milkmaid's cowpox sore, then demonstrated that the lad had developed immunity to smallpox...