Word: jerusalem
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Pious Legend. For all the veneration that Jerusalem's holy places command, the sacredness of many of them is based more on pious legend than historical proof. The stations of the Cross along the Via Dolorosa-marking Christ's path to His crucifixion-begin near the site of the Temple in accordance with medieval tradition. Most Biblical scholars, nonetheless, now believe that Jesus' death march began on the other side of the Old City, near the Jaffa Gate. Many of the churches marking the shrines, moreover, have been rebuilt so often that they have tenuous claims...
...Latin kingdom founded by the Crusaders lasted scarcely a century. Recaptured by the Saracen King Saladin in 1187, Jerusalem remained in Moslem hands, except for a brief 15-year Christian reconquest, until World War I. The long sleep under Islam brought little peace, however, as Moslems battled for Jerusalem among themselves. The Saracens were soon overthrown by their Egyptian slave guards, the Mamelukes. The Mamelukes were in turn driven out by the Ottoman Turks, who captured the Holy City in 1517 and ruled it for 400 years. Though Christians were allowed to return to the city, a dispute between Greek...
...Treaty of Paris, which ended the Crimean War, reaffirmed that control of the major shrines should be divided among Christian sects-an arrangement that was adopted by the British when they captured Jerusalem from the Turks in 1917, and was maintained throughout Britain's 31-year occupation. The trouble-ridden British mandate lasted until the creation of Israel in 1948. One year later, ending the Arab-Israeli war, the U.N. ordered Jerusalem's division. Jordan won the less populous but more venerable Old City, containing most of the shrines...
This month, Israeli authorities started bulldozing abandoned Arab shacks clustered around the walls of the Old City; they plan to replace the hovels with a park. In addition, the Arab portion of Jerusalem is rapidly being incorporated into the Israeli New City, under the direction of Mayor Teddy Kollek, 56. Unified water, telephone and bus services have been restored in Jerusalem, and the majority of Arab civil servants from the Old City have been given jobs in Kollek's municipal government. Thanks partly to the incorporation of suburban areas to the north and south, the city's population...
...Negotiable. Although Arabs and Jews have mingled freely in Jerusalem since unification, most of the city's Arab leaders have refused to join Kollek's administration. Last week five Jordanians were arrested for handing out leaflets warning Arabs about the consequences of cooperating with the conqueror. The Arab nations officially insist that Jerusalem be returned to its pre-blitz, partitioned state. Despite the sacredness of the Dome of the Rock...