Word: johannesburger
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South African courts have condemned to death eleven ANC members since the congress formed its military wing in 1961. Last week's hangings were the first since 1979, however, when ANC Member Solomon Mahlangu was executed for his role in a Johannesburg gunfight in which two whites were killed. The executions emphasize South Africa's hard antiterrorism line in the aftermath of an ANC bomb attack on air force headquarters in Pretoria last month. The blast killed 19 people and injured...
...real leaders of the national movement. Indeed, they say, the current spate of activism across the country is a direct outgrowth of student protests in this country during the late 1970s sparked by the bloody riots of Black high school students in Soweto, the Black township outside Johannesburg...
...Pretoria bombing, however, which took place in a crowded commercial district at the end of the workday, seemed designed to cause as many casualties as possible. "The Southern Africa conflict has just moved up a ratchet," said Peter Vale of the respected South African Institute of International Affairs in Johannesburg. Said the Rev. Desmond Tutu, the black Anglican bishop of Johannesburg: "One act merely provokes another, and we are probably getting into a spiral of violence we cannot stop...
...repression," the organization started off seeking change through reform rather than revolution. After scant progress, the A.N.C. several years later began encouraging strikes and boycotts by black workers. It also organized demonstrations against discriminatory laws, particularly the requirement that blacks carry passes. During one such protest at Sharpeville near Johannesburg in 1960, police opened fire on the demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding more than 100. The A.N.C. and the rival Pan Africanist Congress (P.A.C.), which organized the protest, were banned and went underground. The A.N.C.'s militant wing, known as Umkhonto We Sizwe (Zulu for Spear of the Nation...
Nestled in a fertile valley 200 miles east of Johannesburg, the village of Driefontein is a picture of rural contentment. Flower beds front its comfortable houses, cattle browse in lush pastures, and fruit trees abound. But Driefontein is different: it is a so-called "black spot," an area of black settlement surrounded mainly by white farmers. For several years, in keeping with South Africa's policy of apartheid, the government has tried to persuade the 7,000 black farmers of Driefontein to move to black "homelands" in the desolate Kangwane and Kwazulu regions. The blacks have bitterly resisted...