Word: journalist
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Yakovlev's elevation positions him to compete with Yegor Ligachev, 66, chief ideologist, for the post of No. 2 man in the party. "It will now be more difficult for Ligachev's office to interfere in the decisions of editors," said a Moscow journalist. Many intellectuals and Western diplomats believe Yakovlev may already have edged out Ligachev to become the party's unofficial "second secretary," a position of great power that is usually held by the chief ideologist...
Broadcasters, along with some First Amendment scholars, have long objected to these rules, pointing out that newspapers are bound by no such restrictions. "The notion that fairness is something that can be determined by a group of Government-appointed bureaucrats is offensive to any good journalist," says former CBS News President Richard Salant. The Supreme Court upheld the fairness doctrine in 1969, citing the scarcity of broadcast outlets and the need to enhance the expression of diverse opinions, but opponents argue that the situation has changed since then. With some 12,000 radio stations, 1,110 TV stations...
...meanwhile, the U.S. suffered another disappointment. After a week of threats and pressure from Syria, Shi'ite Muslim extremists released Ali Osseiran, the son of Lebanese Defense Minister Adel Osseiran, a Shi'ite political ally of the Syrians.' But the terrorists did not free Charles Glass, an American television journalist who was abducted a week earlier along with Osseiran. Brigadier General Ghazi Kenaan, intelligence chief for the 7,500 Syrian troops that occupy most of the Muslim half of Beirut, had said he would free both Glass and Osseiran "at all costs." Late in the week he began restricting...
...Supreme Court ! decision in New York Times v. Sullivan, the Justices held that vigorous comment about public officials' performances of their duties was vitally deserving of protection. So it added to the traditional elements of libel -- falsity and damage to reputation -- a third factor involving the journalist's state of mind: "actual malice." In order to prevail in court, public officials would have to show that a reporter knew the story to be false or showed "reckless disregard of whether it was false." That provision turned out to have some unforeseen negative consequences for media defendants. It has allowed plaintiffs...
Armand Hammer's memoir of his 88 tumultuous years begins near the end, with accounts of his part in 1986 negotiations to clear the way for U.S. physicians to help Chernobyl's victims, and then in freeing hostage U.S. Journalist Nicholas Daniloff and a would-be Soviet emigre, Geneticist David Goldfarb. These incidents demonstrate his unusual role as a back-channel conduit between U.S. and Soviet officials. They also reflect the pragmatic approach Hammer takes toward the Soviets, his business partners on and off since the early 1920s. Readers will search in vain for indignation about the Soviet record...