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...enough to drive a farmer to drink. North of the Rio Grande, bumper cotton and sugar-beet crops were ready for harvest, and U.S. farmers were faced with the nightmare of losing it all for want of extra farm hands. Meanwhile, jammed into the Mexican border town of Ciudad Juárez, just below the river, nearly 8,000 Mexican workers waited to be registered as seasonal braceros and to go on north to the harvest. But nothing was being done to send them north; they were stranded...
...villain in the piece was bureaucracy; minor officials of the two countries were involved in a prolonged haggle over wages and terms of employment. Meanwhile the braceros milled about in Juárez, restless, hungry and shelterless. Juárez' Mayor Carlos Villarreal pleaded for help. He got it-from an unexpected direction...
...Benito Juárez was president, and Mexico had just emerged from years of exhausting civil war. But there were die-hards among the defeated, and these had persuaded the ambitious emperor of the French that there was glory to be got in Mexico. There was also a little matter of unpaid Mexican debts in which Frenchmen were interested. Aware that the U.S., torn by its own civil war, could not interfere, Napoleon set out on an adventure that he expected would bring him fresh laurels (he had defeated Austria only three years before) and would put his protege...
Maximilian's Masters. Twelve months later Napoleon III, having fired his general and studied maps of Puebla himself, sent 30,000 men to take the place (now renamed Puebla de Zaragoza), drive Juárez to the Rio Grande border, and install Maximilian as Mexico's emperor. But Mexicans had learned the meaning of the Cinco de Mayo. "You have fought the first soldiers of the day," said a patriot to the ragged victors of Puebla, "and you have been the first to conquer them...
...Juárez never gave up. After the U.S. Civil War ended and the French had marched out of Mexico, Emperor Maximilian was dethroned and shot. Thereafter, Mexico, free and independent, celebrated the Cinco de Mayo as its national holiday...