Word: judaisms
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Zeffirelli has an eye for historical detail, and one of his major achievements is to place Jesus solidly within the ethos of 1st century Judaism. At the wedding feast of Mary and Joseph, men perform a chaste dance of celebration. During Jesus' bar mitzvah, Mary gazes with the women from behind the mechitzah (barrier) at the Nazareth synagogue. There are also some deft touches from everyday life. One of the soldiers gripes, "I can hardly wait to get back to Rome," as he ambles down the cemetery path to discover an empty tomb that will change the course...
...purge and the deaths of Peter and Paul, Robinson thinks it must have been written around A.D. 62. Although the Letter of James has often been dated in the 2nd century, Robinson insists that it is the earliest book of all. Since it expresses no division between Christianity and Judaism, he figures that it must predate the first ecumenical council in A.D. 48, where the church worked out its policy toward Paul's new mission to the Gentiles...
Feldman said that Judaism places paramount inportance in the desires and preferences of the woman, making it the husband's obligation to satisfy them. "The Bible even supplies a graduated scale for quality and frequency according to occupation, health, and age," he said...
...other Old Testament books except Esther. Thus the scrolls have substantiated the reliability of traditional Bible texts and have aided new translations. Other documents such as the "Thanksgiving Psalms" and the Temple Scroll were unique to the sect. All in all, the scrolls have greatly expanded knowledge about ancient Judaism and the backdrop against which Christianity developed...
There are other novelties as well. The Essenes celebrated Yom Kippur, Succoth and Shavuot, but the Temple Scroll contains regulations for festivals that are unknown elsewhere in Judaism: the First Fruits of Wine and of Oil, and the Wood Offering, which lasted for six days...