Word: judgmentalism
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...defendants in the case had argued, to various degrees, that they were not bound by the conflict-of-interest provisions in their contracts. But in a summary judgment in June 2004, U.S. District Court Judge Douglas P. Woodlock disagreed, finding Shleifer and Hay liable under the False Claims Act, a federal law that prescribed heavy damages for violating a contract with the government...
...University, in a lesser judgment by Woodlock, was found liable for up to $34.8 million, the amount paid to Harvard by the government after the first improper investments by Shleifer...
...judgment, your 2004-05 conduct, implicating, as it does, profound issues of temperament and judgment, merits no increase whatsoever,” Harper wrote to Summers...
...urban areas, middle schools often became the antithesis of what reformers had intended. Instead of warm incubators of independence and judgment, they became impersonal, oppressive institutions. "In many urban schools," says Juvonen, "you can't help but notice that there are security guards around. There's someone expecting you to misbehave." That's especially destructive, she says, because young adolescents need their independence to be guided and nurtured, not squashed. "This is when kids start challenging social conventions. They say things like 'Why do I have to make my bed?' It's proof of their cognitive maturity...
Ironically, K-8 schools are in some ways better positioned to implement the ideas of the middle school movement. Not only do these more intimate schools tend to foster strong teacher-student relationships, but they often put their older students in positions where they can exercise judgment and leadership. At Humboldt Park, for instance, seventh-graders have worked with the third-graders to write letters to U.S. soldiers in Iraq. "The older grades become mentors and tutors to the younger kids, giving them a sense of responsibility that may not happen in middle school," says Milwaukee parent Tina Johnson...