Word: julio
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...paper for the time being. Yet the adversary relationship persists. The paper recently charged that a government candidate who had lost in the elections was using "Nazi-Fascist jargon" in suggesting that the elections be nullified. In the old days, O Estado would have been censored. Says Julio Mesquita: "Estado will not change its opinions. Under a totalitarian regime, we will be oppressed and continue to fight for freedom. Under a free regime, we will worry about the dangers and excesses of democracy. It's really easier for Brazil to change than it is for Estado to change...
Some Crusades. Before and after that interregnum, three generations of the Mesquita family have maintained the paper's integrity. Politically, O Estado has remained moderately conservative. Thus the paper has retained a power base among the rich while occasionally fighting for progressive causes. Julio Mesquita, grandfather of the present director, Julio de Mesquita Neto, was the son of landowners who gave up law for journalism. During the 1870s the paper crusaded successfully to abolish slavery. After the monarchy was overthrown, Mesquita supported the creation of a republic. Later, many regimes tried to suppress O Estado, and Mesquita was once...
...death in 1927, his son, Julio de Mesquita Filho, assumed control and battled Brazilian governments in the '30s and '40s. Twice Mesquita Filho was forced into exile. By 1964 he was back in Sao Paulo wielding political influence himself. He plotted with the military to overthrow leftist Joao Goulart, whom he suspected of heading toward totalitarianism. Once in power, however, the new rulers turned authoritarian, and O Estado again found itself in opposition...
...Filho's death in 1969, his son, Julio de Mesquita Neto, took over the paper. He has continually defied the government's request for self-censor ship. Instead, when the censors cut sto ries, he filled the blank space with excerpts from Poet Luis Vaz de Camoes epic work Os Lusiadas, about Portuguese adventures in the Orient. The paper has also resisted in other ways...
...family could afford a jet-set life. But instead, Julio and his brother Ruy spend most of their time managing the paper...