Word: junta
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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After Ecuador's military overthrew hard-drinking, leftist President Carlos Julio Arosemena two years ago, the four-man junta that succeeded him quickly embarked on "the unpostponable obligation of carrying out basic reforms." It outlawed the country's 4,000-member Communist Party, adopted the country's first civil service law, cracked down on smuggling, centralized tax collection and tightened export regulations on bananas, Ecuador's biggest cash crop. The reforms were necessary-though not necessarily popular. But when it came to a return to constitutional rule, the junta moved slowly, promising elections some time...
...rocks and chanting "Abajo la dictadura!" and "Viva la constitución!" Army troops and marines moved in with tear gas and clubs, arresting scores of demonstrators. Sixteen political leaders were rounded up and deported, and in Guayaquil, where two high school students were killed by stray bullets, the junta declared martial...
Then things threatened to come unstuck again. Caamaño agreed to permit an OAS tanker to enter the rebel-held harbor one afternoon and supply a city power plant. But behind the tanker came an unexpected junta gunboat, bristling with 3-in. artillery and .50-cal. machine guns. If the junta's intention was to provoke an incident, it failed. Caamaño's troops held their fire, and the gunboat churned out of the harbor 45 minutes later. Next night, however, rebel troops started firing their rifles in the air, drawing fire from the junta side...
...symbolism could hardly be lost on Bolivians. As command pilot of Bo livia's nine-month-old military junta, Barrientos may fall into a flat spin one day; but in the meantime, he is flying high. His most notable accomplishment is something no other modern Bolivian ruler had ever achieved: control over the country's potentially rich, but notoriously inefficient tin mines...
Planning to Stay. The junta's success" with the mines has sent Barrientos' popularity soaring to new heights and, for a time at least, silenced criticism by the country's normally noisy political parties. One day last week he flew with co-President Ovando to the country's historic capital of Sucre to talk about his own version of the Great Society. "The Second Republic," he declared, "will be a new fatherland, where everybody will live together free from fear and poverty. Just as we have eradicated Communism and anarchy, we shall clean...