Word: jure
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Even as the old issue of de jure segregation became a dead issue, Chief Justice Warren E. Burger made rulings on the appeals of five school systems involving what may become a still more volatile dispute on a national rather than sectional level: the question of de facto segregation, racial separation existing without legal sanction. As applied to the schools, the question is whether the law requires positive action by school officials, such as busing, to achieve racial mixtures that neighborhood schools, because of housing patterns, prevent. Without comment, Burger last week refused to delay lower-court orders for substantial...
...Mixmaster" from Southerners for using just such tough language with local officials who still maintain separate school systems for blacks and whites. For an Administration widely thought to be wedded to a "Southern strategy," the new hardline tactics add up to a welcome drive to end de jure segregation in the South. Elliot Richardson, sworn in last week as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, and Robert Finch, his predecessor, have vowed publicly that by the time Southern schools reopen in the fall, the great majority of school districts will be desegregated. That prediction now seems sound...
...sure, the goal of the Administration is not complete integration. When Nixon made his March 24 desegregation statement, he drew a line between segregation sanctioned by official policy (de jure) and that resulting from segregated housing patterns (de facto). Nixon has long been opposed to busing purely for the purpose of integration. The firing of HEW Civil Rights Chief Leon Panetta and Education Commissioner James Allen, both strong advocates of integration, has made it clear that the Administration's objectives are limited. Only last week, in a Supreme Court case involving schools in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County...
Whores in Church. There is nothing particularly altruistic about the Administration's course. Pressure from the courts to end de jure segregation remains strong. What is more, Nixon's political strategists plan to leave George Wallace with an empty issue in 1972. In Wallace's successful campaign for renomination to the Alabama governorship this spring, he scored points with white voters by pleading: "Give us back our schools." But, argues a White House aide, if Wallace raises that cry in 1972, Southerners are going to look around and see that their segregated schools have disappeared irretrievably...
Even though the Nixon Administration has veered away from a strong school integration policy, U.S. Commissioner of Education James E. Allen Jr. has stuck to his own course. Long a staunch opponent of segregation -de facto or de jure-Allen last week issued a statement that seemed critical of the legal distinctions central to President Nixon's March 24 desegregation message. "There is no way," said Allen, "whereby the principle of equality of educational opportunity can be made to accommodate the continuing existence of segregated schools in a democratic society-no matter how difficult the problems involved in eliminating...