Word: jure
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...court recognized that the mere fact of separation causes blacks to feel inferior, depriving them of their constitutional right to equal educational opportunity. But the court's final judgment stipulated that such segregation is unconstitutional only if it is "pursuant to State laws permitting or requiring such segregation." De jure segregation is a violation of the law, but de facto segregation does not come within the court's jurisdiction, although it also causes blacks to feel inferior and deprives them of equal educational opportunity...
Even the elimination of the distinction between de facto and de jure segregation is not enough. In a society of increasing polarization and escalating inner hostility, the meaning of equal educational opportunity must change. The Warren Court's judgement, maintained to this day, that segregation leads to inferior education for blacks alone, is paternalistic; that black children can receive a proper education only when exposed to whites is unpalatable...
...proposed constitutional amendment. The Supreme Court last year unanimously approved busing as one tool to end segregation. This October, in a busing case from Denver, it will consider whether the informal-or so-called de facto -school segregation common outside the South is as unconstitutional as the de jure segregation explicitly established in Southern states by law. The stalled rulings in the much publicized cases of Detroit and Richmond, involving busing across county lines between city and suburb, are also now being appealed. And it is likely that there will be a request to review a ruling last month that...
...even though there is no de jure racism in Angola, the situation remains one of de facto racism on nearly every level of life...
...reaching out to the suburbs, is probably only the beginning. This spring the Supreme Court will rule on a suit that challenges de facto school segregation resulting from segregated housing patterns. In the past, non-Southern cities have escaped court orders because they were aimed at the de jure segregation of dual school systems. But should the Supreme Court uphold a Denver federal-court decision handed down in January, that ruling could affect virtually every suburban community in the nation and lead to busing on a scale far beyond anything the country has experienced...