Word: jure
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...North, usually resulting, de facto, from housing patterns. Yet the idea is also subversive. The de facto separation of the North has still not been declared unconstitutional by the courts. Assaulting it across the board would represent a virtually impossible enforcement problem in many cities, whereas the de jure segregation of the South could legally be broken down. If the Stennis amendment became official policy, it would stretch the Justice Department's enforcement resources so thin that desegregation would be markedly slowed down. The Stennis-Ribicoff logic suggests that school integration cannot occur unless and until all U.S. society...
...urban ghettos and that the North's kind of racism more readily yields to appeals to conscience. The desire to treat segregation the same in both North and South is also laudable-but not nearly as simple as it sounds. While the courts have repeatedly ruled that de jure segregation, officially sustained by state and local governments, is unconstitutional, and the machinery to end it is well in motion, no such ruling or procedure has emerged to deal with de facto segregation created by the grouping of blacks in neighborhoods. The Southern strategists clearly hope that any attempt...
...black and Mexican American children-who constitute 44% of the city's 654,000 students-by keeping most of them in schools with few whites. Gitelson accepted arguments of the American Civil Liberties Union, which had filed the suit, and found the school board guilty of de jure segregation by building new schools, drawing new attendance districts and creating busing policies without regard for the fact that they would not achieve integration. He also moved toward blurring the distinction between de jure and de facto, contending that "Negro and Mexican children suffer serious harm when their education takes place...
Since both shellings and violations did greatly diminish, Johnson had a de facto, although not a de jure justification for halting the bombing. Thus, when the Communists struck last week, President Nixon was confronted not so much with the violation of an agreement as with a seeming change in the mutually convenient status quo. He would have had to make a major policy decision in his own right to retaliate, and that is what he does not yet seem ready or willing...
Though the Loyal Democrats of Mississippi, a coalition of blacks lead by Charles Evers and white liberals like newspaper editor Hodding Carter, is the de jure party following its victory in Chicago last month it is not the de facto party. This presents massive confusion, since the old party led by Gov. John Bell Wliliams refuses to cease operation. The loyal coalition now have to run candidates for local and state posts who can win--making the party a reality. The new party will probably concentrate on local and legislative battles...