Word: kagawa
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...little Japanese Presbyterian with a broad smile and bad eyesight toured the U.S. in 1936, speaking to packed halls on Christianity and consumer cooperatives. For the hundreds of thousands who heard him, Toyohiko Kagawa sounded like a saintly social worker and symbolized the best of Christianized Nippon...
...when his government went to war with the great country he knew so well, Princeton-educated Kagawa spoke out of the nationalist side of his mouth. In English-language broadcasts beamed at the U.S. he attacked American "savagery comparable to the lowest cannibalism," argued that if America had not lost the spirit of Washington and Lincoln her leaders would cease the cruel perfidy of the war against Japan. After the war he did not deny his words. The broadcasts had been made, explained Kagawa, to show both his government and his people that a Japanese Christian could also...
...Though Kagawa had been twice imprisoned (briefly) towards the close of the war, when he was accused of having "peace thoughts." he escaped more lightly than other Christian leaders. (Two Episcopal bishops spent more than three months in prison.) Possible reasons: 1) his ready accession to government pressure for a merger of the Christian churches; 2) his uncertain health; 3) his anti-American broadcasts, speeches, and articles...
...free vote. There was campaign give-&-take as 2,781 candidates, representing 257 parties, wrangled for 466 parliamentary seats. They ranged from sturdy Kenshin Izumi of the Buddhist priesthood, which recently organized for politics, to efficient Miss Shidzue Yamaguchi, a typist sponsored by Christian Leader Toyohiko Kagawa. A few Communists had been stoned. The Communists had mobbed the residence of Premier Baron Kijuro Shidehara. One radical had even called the Emperor "that guy," a bit of new liberty the legality of which was under study by the high courts...
...they feel moral guilt for their aggression? A. In general, no. How the minority of unreconstructed militarists justify Japanese aggression to themselves can only be guessed - they are damn care ful right now to keep their mouths shut. At the opposite extreme the ardent peace advocates (like Kagawa) of course feel that the militarists are guilty. The great majority of Japs, including Premier Shidehara, believe in peace as a policy. But they still re gard Japan as the aggrieved party in the events leading up to the China war. They are not conscious of having adopted a national policy...