Word: kaminer
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...whose output accounts for 65% of the 8 million lbs. consumed yearly by Americans. Researchers pointed to the enormous quantities of saccharin fed the test rats-equivalent to consumption by a human of some 800 cans of diet soda each day over a lifetime. Said Duke University Biochemist Henry Kamin: "The dosages are so large that the result means nothing." In Albany, N.Y., Dr. Frederick Coulston revealed that his tests on monkeys-much closer to humans than are rats-revealed no harmful effects. Said he: "We gave saccharin to rhesus monkeys over 6½ years-relatively high doses six days...
Meanwhile, Princeton psychologist Leon Kamin, inspired by the vehemence of the opposition to Jensen and Herrnstein, thoroughly reexamined all the data and studies on which the hereditarians had based their I.Q. evaluations. He discovered that the lynchpin of the Jensen-Herrnstein argument, the studies of identical twins reared apart, was utterly worthless. Absence of appropriate controls meant that the correlations could just as easily be attributed to environmental as to hereditary influences. The only study of identical twins which claimed to have controlled for environmental factors, that of English psychologist Sir Cyril Burt, proved to be a classic scientific fraud...
...only other traces of Conway and Howard are their signatures on reviews in the late 1950s published in the British Journal of Statistical Psychology. Those writings, mostly attacking Burt's enemies, stopped around the time Burt stepped down as the journal's editor. Says Princeton Psychologist Leon Kamin, an opponent of Burt in the heredity-intelligence debate: "It was a fraud linked to policy from the word go. The data were cooked in order for him to arrive at the conclusion he wanted...
...best, Burt's methods were incredibly sloppy. The raw test sheets on the twin studies were among papers stuffed into half a dozen tea chests and later destroyed. Many of his professional articles do not give primary data, referring readers to unpublished reports. Some of those reports, says Kamin, are at least as hard to find as are Howard and Conway...
...Recently Kamin and a British newspaper found an unusually high degree of consistency among Burt's data. The biggest question mark, Kamin said, is how Burt arrived at exactly the same correlation coefficient from three different sets of data...