Word: karabakh
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Moscow's crackdown, the latest chapter in a tug-of-war between the republics of Azerbaijan and Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly Armenian enclave in Azerbaijan, came a day after some 400,000 demonstrators gathered in Baku's main square to wave purple-and-red Azerbaijani flags, hear speeches and denounce Armenian leaders. The Armenians are demanding that Nagorno-Karabakh be fully incorporated into Armenia. Simultaneously, in the industrial city of Kirovabad and in the Nakhichevan region, Azerbaijani toughs went on anti-Armenian rampages. They even attacked troops deployed to protect Armenian property; four soldiers were killed and three...
...spasm was yet another manifestation of ethnic tensions that confront General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev with a formidable challenge. The Nagorno- Karabakh dispute has revived the historic hostility between Armenians, who are largely Christians, and Azerbaijanis, who are mainly Muslims. Armenia's call for restoration of the enclave and its 160,000 people to Armenian control has been rebuffed by the central government, which fears that any such adjustment might trigger territorial demands elsewhere...
...their long-standing ties with Moscow, the Armenians have a detailed list of complaints against the Soviet state. Aside from the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, a special sore point has been bureaucratic insensitivity to the environment, as in the Baltic states. Ever since the Soviet Union under Stalin began to industrialize in the 1920s, Moscow has built the republic into a leading chemical-production center. One result is chronic air pollution. "The air is so bad, you can no longer see Mount Ararat," complains a Yerevan resident, referring to the snow-peaked 16,945-ft. mountain some 30 miles away across...
Next month the movement to return Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenian control will attempt to broaden its character by transforming itself into a Baltic-style Armenian All-National Movement. Like similar organizations in Estonia and Lithuania, the group will officially be committed to supporting perestroika, though its agenda may not be identical to Moscow's. So far, the group's organizers have not announced a specific program, but they are expected to press for issues such as more Armenian-language instruction in schools, greater economic independence for the region, and the right to establish embassies in other Soviet republics with cities...
...protest the appointment of an ethnic Russian as party first secretary of Kazakhstan. In July 1987, Crimean Tatars demanded the right to return to their homeland on the Black Sea, from which they were removed in 1944. Last February, Armenians and Azerbaijanis began to clash over control of Nagorno-Karabakh, a predominantly Armenian enclave south of the Caucasus. And last week in the Estonian capital of Tallinn, the local supreme soviet turned down constitutional amendments proposed by Moscow and voiced new demands for sovereignty. Two days later, the Lithuanian supreme soviet raised similar objections, but stopped short of constitutional rebellion...