Word: karenga
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Kwanza came into existence about five years ago, spurred on by Maulana Ron Karenga,* head of the black nationalist organization called US. "He saw that black people here had no holidays of their own," says Imamu Clyde Halisi, national chairman of US, "and felt that holidays give a people a sense of identity and direction." Although many of the blacks who celebrate Kwanza no longer take part in Christmas festivities, they insist that the new holiday is not intended to be a replacement for Christmas. Instead, says Muminina Jaribu, a member of the Committee for a Unified Newark...
...Karenga's Swahili-speaking "US" movement for black culture, pride and self-defense has spread to at least four Marine and Army bases in I Corps. And in Bien Hoa and Cam Ranh Bay, Black Panthers in Army uniform have circulated their party literature...
Commanders with more foresight have encouraged militants to participate in the meetings along with white enlisted and officer personnel. Black Panther sympathizer Washington sat on one such group at Tien Sha, and Cpl. Joseph Harris of Los Angeles, a Karenga backer, twice arrested during the Watts riot, participated in one at the Marine base in Chu Lai. Both Washington and Harris were given jobs to keep whites and blacks in line at their enlisted men's clubs. When Harris suggested commemorating the anniversary of King's death, the Marine command supplied food and soft drinks for 300 black soldiers...
...entire black movement. As analyzed by Charles V. Hamilton, professor of political science at Columbia University, there is sharp disagreement among the traditional integrationists, best symbolized by King and the N.A.A.C.P.'s Roy Wilkins; the black nationalists, of whom CORE's Roy Innis and US's Ron Karenga are leading spokesmen; and the Marxist-oriented revolutionaries, represented by the Black Panthers. In Hamilton's view, the integrationists have discovered that their classic techniques of progress through the courts, the Congress and the Federal Government are no longer as effective as previously. The nationalists, who appeal to black pride and push...
...Originally the colors of Marcus Garvey's Back-to-Africa movement in the early 1920s, they are now used by Ron Karenga's US movement, the Black Panthers and many young black students...