Word: karma
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Buddhism evolved out of the complex faith and practice of Hinduism. The Hindu idea that each man leads life after life on an endlessly turning wheel of suffering determined by one's past actions (karma) was assumed by Buddha. The way to escape the turning, he taught, was a practical procedure, uncluttered by theology, liturgy or a pantheon of gods: what held one to the wheel was the ever-changing attraction and repulsion that the self experiences for the things and happenings of the world; the resolute practice of detachment on the one hand, and heightened awareness...
...gooders used to be rare among Hindus, with their belief in the inescapability of Karma and the illusory nature of the created world. But Calcutta's Rameshwar Tantia is a new kind of Hindu; he likes action-especially for his own home region of Marwar, in western Rajasthan. and for all the people in the surrounding desert country. A wealthy businessman (jute, tea, mining), 45-year-old Philanthropist Tantia has arranged new marriages for poor widows, paying the indispensable dowries out of his own pocket. His latest good work: uncovering the Bhil ladies...
...Gita prescribes three paths for the soul's union with God: karma-yoga, the way of action, Jnana-yoga, the way of knowledge, and bhakti-yoga, the way of love. The poem is set in the frame of bloody battle, a great battle on the plain of Kurukshetra. The hero, Arjuna, is downcast because he must fight against men who, he suspects, are his brothers, even though they are foes, and the god Krishna givers Arjuna advice. Krishna persuades Arjuna that it is permissible to fight, indeed, that he must fight, so long as the struggle serves no selfish...
Bhave practices karma-yoga, the way to God through action in the world: "You must perform every action sacramentally, and be free from all attachment to results." It is not to be undertaken with out first mastering the other yogas, learning control of the body, the breathing and the mind; learning concentration through love and devotion by prayer; gaining knowledge by meditation...
...made," urged the Royal Commission, "to enhance the efficiency, to heighten earnings and to improve conditions of life. . . . Poverty leads to bad conditions and inefficiency, inefficiency and bad conditions to poverty." Thus the Royal Commission discovered a 20th Century vicious circle similar to the mystic Hindu Wheel of Karma: a series of events everlastingly repeating each other from which the only escape is violently to break the wheel...