Word: kashmir
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...message got through to Moscow. By the morning of Dec. 16, we were receiving reliable reports that the Soviets were pressing New Delhi to accept the territorial status quo in the West, including in Kashmir. Later that day, Mrs. Gandhi offered an unconditional cease-fire in the West. There is no doubt in my mind that it was a reluctant decision resulting from Soviet pressure, which in turn grew out of American insistence. The crisis was over. We had avoided the worst-which is sometimes the maximum statesmen can achieve...
...conduct was attributed to personal pique, anti-Indian bias, callousness toward suffering, or immorality. Had we acted differently, Pakistan, after losing its eastern wing, would have lost Kashmir and possibly Baluchistan and other portions of its western wing-in other words, it would have disintegrated...
...some 20,000 Chinese troops poured out of the Himalayas overlooking India's North East Frontier Agency (NEFA). Other Chinese forces marched through the rocky wastes of the Ladakh region of Kashmir, about 1,000 miles to the west. Outgunned and outmanned by the invaders, the ill-equipped Indian army fell back. After a month of smashing Chinese victories, much of northern India lay open to conquest. But suddenly the invaders stopped dead in their tracks. Radio Peking announced that "on its own initiative" China was declaring a ceasefire. Chinese troops pulled back from the front, in some cases...
...months before the invasion, Jawaharlal Nehru, then India's Prime Minister, cast aside his policy of peaceful coexistence with Communists. He demanded that the Chinese quit the plateau and ordered his own army to occupy it. Attempts to resolve the dispute broke down, and units skirmished in Kashmir. But even during the attack, the nations maintained diplomatic relations-as Peking and Hanoi have done in the present crisis...
...prove that the Chinese attacked when they did to take advantage of Soviet preoccupation elsewhere. Once their grip on the Aksai Chin was secure, the Chinese withdrew from land they had occupied in NEFA (now known as Arunachal Pradesh) and offered to negotiate a mutually acceptable border in Kashmir. The Indians, whose call for assistance was answered by an outpouring of arms from Britain and the U.S., refused to discuss the matter until the Chinese completely departed from Aksai Chin, which they still retain. Today a few Chinese and Indian troops still face each other in the mountain passes...