Word: katanga
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Certainly nothing was yet settled. The U.N. can legally remain in the Congo only at the invitation of the Congo government, and last week Premier Lumumba, growling ominously about the pressures on him, called on Hammarskjold to abandon his plans to garrison Katanga province with mixed black and white forces (Swedish, Moroccan and Ethiopian), demanded a totally black force instead. "African troops," he insisted, "are completely capable of carrying out the U.N. mission." In Accra, Ghana's Nkrumah was still talking up the formation of an "All-African" army composed of units from Ghana, Guinea, the U.A.R. and "volunteers...
...legitimate forebodings, Hammarskjold continued to push ahead from one limited, carefully chosen diplomatic objective to the next. At week's end, without ruckus, members of his Swedish bodyguard symbolically took over from the Belgians the guard duty at Elisabethville airfield, where they first put down. Belgian commanders in Katanga agreed to start pulling their 7,000 troops back to a single base as more U.N. forces flew in this week. The Congo may remain just one jump ahead of chaos for some time to come, but Dag Hammarskjold had established there a principle that may help in other African...
Climatically, historically and emotionally, the Congo is many lands. Even when the Congo's radios and telephones were working again, orders from Leopoldville would scarcely be heard, understood or heeded by the equatorial Logo craftsman, the fiercely independent Lokele fisherman or the Balamba villager of Katanga. Scattered through a land roughly the size of the U.S. east of the Mississippi, the Congo's 150 major tribes speak 38 different languages, observe a bewildering variety of rites ranging from lip tattooing to magic rain making...
...high plateau. Nor to them does any "outsider" have any right to share in the revenues of the rich mines and plants that produce and process the copper, tin, uranium, and cobalt (60% of free world output) developed by Belgium's fat Union Minière du Haut-Katanga...
...After Katanga's, the most serious secession threat came from the proud, million-strong Bakongo people, once rulers of an ancient coastal empire, who talk of amputating much of the Lower Congo. Here at the mouth of the huge Congo River, where the nation squeezes into the Atlantic with a mere 20 miles of coastline, is the Congo's solitary seaport: sultry, burgeoning Matadi...