Word: keynesian
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...almost 40 years the formula worked. Increased Government spending stimulated demand; companies hired more workers to meet the demand; then employees spent, bringing forth more demand and more production, and the virtuous cycle continued. But, says Economist Arthur Okun, long a Keynesian Counsellor to Democratic Presidents: "We were victims of our own success and a good press...
There were shortcomings and pitfalls, little recognized when Keynesianism was flourishing a decade and more ago. One shortcoming was the Keynesian assumption that supply would simply take care of itself once demand was stimulated. So long as inflation stayed low, that is in fact what happened. Even modest increases in consumer demand would bring quick jumps in output. So productive were U .S. plants and factories that they not only filled the needs of the nation's domestic market but also deluged the world with material abundance...
...reckoning came with Viet Nam. Lyndon Johnson's Keynesian economic advisers warned him not to finance both the war and his cherished Great Society programs without asking for a tax increase, but he refused to take the unpopular step until much too late. From 1965 to 1969, more than $42.5 billion in Government deficit spending flooded into the economy, which was already surging ahead at nearly full capacity. Result: inflation leaped from...
Observes Bruce MacLaury, president of the Brookings Institution, which is no longer quite the hotbed of Keynesianism that it once was: "It has been hard for the Keynesians to contend that their prescriptions are the way out of stagflation. Ultimately, they are forced to admit that Keynesian techniques just bring forth inflation and not real growth. They answer that the solution is wage-price guidelines or another form of an incomes policy, but that is a very weak reed to lean...
LESTER THUROW, 41. A liberal who remains a moderate Keynesian, Thurow favors tax reductions to fight economic slump. To combat inflation, he opposes inducing a recession or putting on wage and price controls, both of which he considers unfair. Instead, Thurow, who is an M.I.T. professor, advocates removing Government price props, such as subsidies and tariffs...